Mandatory Reporting Requirements: Children

• Hospitals;
• Clinics;
• Sanitariums;
• Doctors;
• Physicians;
• Surgeons;
• Medical Examiners;
• Coroners;
• Dentists;
• Osteopaths;
• Optometrists;
• Chiropractors;
• Podiatrists;
• Physical therapists;
• Nurses;
• Public and private K-12 employees;
• School teachers and officials;
• Peace officers;
• Law enforcement officials;
• Pharmacists;
• Social workers;
• Day care workers or employees;
• Mental health professionals;
• Employees of public and private institutions of postsecondary and higher education;
• Members of the clergy (defined as any duly ordained, licensed, or commissioned minister, pastor, priest, rabbi, or practitioner of any bona fide established church or religious organization, in each case, who regularly, as a vocation, devotes a substantial portion of his or her time and abilities to the service of his or her church or religious organization), except with respect to information gained solely in a confidential, privileged communication; and

Any other person called upon to render aid or medical assistance to any child.

• An oral report, either by telephone or direct communication, must be made immediately, and must be followed by a written report, to a duly constituted authority.

The website for the Alabama Department of Human Resources provides that all reports are to be made by telephone or in person, and not by email, and contains the telephone numbers for each county to which the report should be directed. The County contact information can be found at (https://dhr.alabama.gov/county-office-contact/)

• Child Abuse Reporting Act, Ala. Code §§ 26-14-1 et seq.

The following persons, when performing their occupational duties or, with respect to the members of a child fatality review team, their appointed duties, or with respect to volunteers who interact with children in a public or private school for more than four hours a week, their volunteer duties:

• Practitioners of the healing arts (including athletic trainers, chiropractors, mental health counselors, social workers, dental hygienists, dentists, health aides, nurses, nurse practitioners, certified nurse aides, occupational therapists, occupational therapy assistants, optometrists, osteopaths, naturopaths, physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, physicians, physician assistants, psychiatrists, psychologists, psychological associates, audiologists and speech-language pathologists licensed under Alaska Stat. § 08.11, hearing aid dealers licensed under Alaska Stat. § 08.55, marital and family therapists licensed under Alaska Stat. § 08.63, behavior analysts, assistant behavior analysts, religious healing practitioners, acupuncturists, and surgeons);
• School teachers and school administrative staff members, including paid athletic coaches, and volunteer athletic coaches, of public and private schools (provided that an unpaid volunteer athletic coach is only required to report if he or she (a) volunteers for more than four hours a week for four consecutive weeks or 20 hours a week in a one month period; (b) has received training under Alaska Stat. § 47.17.022 on the recognition and reporting of child abuse and neglect, including (1) laws relating to child abuse and neglect; (2) techniques for recognition and detection of child abuse and neglect; (3) agencies and organizations within the state that offer aid or shelter to victims and the families of victims of child abuse or neglect; (4) procedures for required notification of suspected abuse or neglect; (5) the role of a person required to report child abuse or neglect and the employing agency after the report has been made; and (6) a brief description of the manner in which cases of child abuse or neglect are investigated by the applicable department of the state and law enforcement agencies after a report of suspected abuse or neglect; and (c) has signed a form acknowledging that the coach is required to report abuse or neglect);
• Peace officers and officers of the Department of Corrections;
• Administrative officers of institutions;
• Child care providers;
• Paid employees of domestic violence and sexual assault programs, and crisis intervention and prevention programs (as defined in Alaska Stat. § 18.66.990), subject to the exception below in “Anything else I should know?”;
• Paid employees of an organization that provides counseling or treatment to individuals seeking to control their use of drugs or alcohol, subject to the exception below in “Anything else I should know?”;
• Members of a child fatality review team established under Alaska Stat. §12.65.015(e) or § 12.65.120 or a multidisciplinary child protection team created under Alaska Stat. § 47.14.300;
• Volunteers who interact with children in a public or private school for more than four hours a week; and

Juvenile probation officers, juvenile probation office staff, and staff of juvenile detention and treatment facilities.

• Immediately, which means as soon as reasonably possible, and no later than 24 hours.

• Alaska Stat. §§ 11.41.434–440, 11.81.900, 47.17.020, 47.17.022, 47.17.023, 47.17.024, 47.17.025, 47.17.050, 47.17.068, 47.17.290.

• Physicians, physician’s assistants, optometrists, dentists, osteopathic physicians, chiropractors, podiatrists, behavioral health professionals, nurses, psychologists, counselors and social workers who develop the reasonable belief (see below) in the course of treating a patient;
• Peace officers;
• Child welfare investigators;
• Child safety workers;
• Members of the clergy, priests or Christian Science practitioners;
• Parents, stepparents or guardians of the applicable minor;
• School personnel, domestic violence victim advocates or sexual assault victim advocates who develop the reasonable belief (see below) in the course of their employment;
• Any other person who has responsibility for the care or treatment of the applicable minor;
• Any person who is employed as the immediate or next higher level supervisor to or administrator of a person who is listed above and who develops the reasonable belief (see below) in the course of the supervisor’s or administrator’s employment, except that if the supervisor or administrator reasonably believes that the report has been made by a person listed above who is required to report, the supervisor or administrator is not required to report;
• Any member of a school district governing body or charter school governing body.

Reports shall be made immediately either electronically or by telephone. To satisfy the reporting statute, immediately reporting requires that the covered individual make the report, or cause the required report to be made, without delay as soon as the person forms a reasonable belief that the child has been abused. Specific knowledge that the incident has been reported by another caregiver satisfies this obligation. 

Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 8-201,13-3620, 13-3620.01, 13-3623. Ariz. Op. Atty. Gen No. I07-006.

• Any child care worker or foster care worker;
• Coroners;
• Daycare center workers;
• Dentists;
• Dental hygienists;
• Domestic abuse advocates;
• Domestic violence shelter employees;
• Domestic violence shelter volunteers;
• Employees of the Department of Human Services;
• Employees working under contract for, or a contractor of, the Department of Human Services when acting within the scope of his or her contract or employment;
• Any foster parent;
• Judges;
• Law enforcement officials;
• Licensed nurses;
• Any medical personnel who may be engaged in the admission, examination, care, or treatment of persons;
• Mental health professionals or paraprofessionals;
• Osteopaths;
• Peace officer;
• Physicians;
• Prosecuting attorneys;
• Resident interns;
• Any full-time or part-time employee of a public school or private school, including, without limitation:
• Any school counselor;
• Any school official
• Any teacher;
• Any coach or director of a public or private athletic organization, team, or club;
• Any coach or director of a public or private nonathletic organization, team, or club;
• Any person who is at least 21 years of age and volunteers in a public school or private school:
• As a coach or director of a public or private athletic organization, team, or club; or
• As a coach or director of a public or private nonathletic organization, team, or club;
• Any person employed as a school official in an institution of higher education
• Social workers;
• Surgeons;
• Court-appointed special advocate program staff members or volunteers;
• Juvenile intake or probation officers;
• Any clergy member, which includes ministers, priests, rabbis, accredited Christian Science practitioners, or other similar functionaries of a religious organization or any individual reasonably believed to be so by the person consulting him or her (except to the extent that the clergy member has acquired knowledge of the suspected child maltreatment through communication required to be kept confidential pursuant to the religious discipline of the relevant denomination or faith or received the knowledge of the suspected child maltreatment from the alleged offender in the context of a statement of admission);
• Employees of a child advocacy center or child safety center;
• Attorneys ad litem in the course of their duties as attorney ad litem;
• Sexual abuse advocates and sexual abuse volunteers who work with a victim of sexual abuse as an employee of a community-based victim service or mental health agency (including a paid or volunteer advocate who is based with a local law enforcement agency);
• Rape crisis advocates and rape crisis volunteers;
• Child abuse advocates and child abuse volunteers who work with a child victim of abuse or maltreatment as an employee of a community-based victim service or mental health agency (including a paid or volunteer advocate who is based with a local law enforcement agency);
• Victim/witness coordinators;
• Victim assistance professionals and victim assistance volunteers;
• Employees of the Crimes Against Children Division of the Department of Arkansas State Police;
• Employees of reproductive healthcare facilities;
• Volunteers at reproductive healthcare facilities;
• An individual not otherwise identified above who is engaged in performing his or her employment duties with a nonprofit charitable organization other than a nonprofit hospital;
• Any Child Welfare Ombudsman;
• Licensed massage therapists; and
• Any person who is 18 years of age or older and observes abuse, sexual abuse or sexual exploitation of a child.

• Reports must be made immediately.

Arkansas Child Maltreatment Act, Ark. Code Ann. §§ 12-18-103, 12-18-201, 12-18-202, 12-18-206, 12-18-302, 12-18-303, 12-18-402.

• Teachers;
• Instructional aides;
• Teacher’s aides or teacher’s assistants employed by any public or private school;
• Classified employees of any public school;
• Administrative officers or supervisors of child welfare and attendance, or certificated pupil personnel employees of any public or private school;
• Administrators of a public or private day camp;
• Administrators or employees of a public or private youth center, youth recreation program, or youth organization;
• Administrators, board members, or employees of a public or private organization whose duties require direct contact and supervision of children, including a foster family agency;
• Any employee of a county office of education or the California Department of Education, whose duties bring the employee into contact with children on a regular basis;
• Licensees, administrators, or employees of a licensed child daycare facility or community care, except those licensed community care facilities exclusively serving adults and seniors;
• Head Start program teachers;
• Licensing workers or licensing evaluators employed by a licensing agency;
• Public assistance workers;
• Employees of a child care institution, including, but not limited to, foster parents, group home personnel, and personnel of residential care facilities;
• Social workers, probation officers, or parole officers;
• Employees of a school district police or security department;
• Any person who is an administrator or presenter of, or a counselor in, a child abuse prevention program in any public or private school;
• District attorney investigators, inspectors, or local child support agency caseworkers (except in certain limited circumstances);
• Peace officers;
• Firefighters, except for volunteer firefighters;
• Physicians, surgeons, psychiatrists, psychologists, dentists, residents, interns, podiatrists, chiropractors, licensed nurses, dental hygienists, optometrists, marriage and family therapists, clinical social workers, professional clinical counselors, and any other persons who are currently licensed under Division 2 of the California Business and Professions Code;
• Any emergency medical technicians I or II, paramedics, or others certified under Division 2.5 of the California Health and Safety Code;
• Psychological assistants registered under Section 2913 of the California Business and Professions Code;
• Marriage and family therapist trainees;
• Unlicensed marriage and family therapist registered under Section 4980.44 of the California Business and Professions Code;
• State or county public health employees who treats a minor for venereal disease or any other condition;
• Coroners;
• Medical examiners, or any other persons who performs autopsies;
• Commercial film and photographic print or image processors (i.e., any person who develops exposed photographic film into negatives, slides, or prints, or who makes prints from negatives or slides, or who prepares, publishes, produces, develops, duplicates, or prints any representation of information, date, or an image, including, but not limited to, any film, filmstrip, photograph, negative, slide, photocopy, videotape, video laser disc, computer hardware, computer software, computer floppy disk, data storage medium, CD-ROM, computer-generated equipment, or computer-generated image, for compensation, including any employee of such a person (but excluding a person who develops film or makes prints or images for a public agency)) subject to the carve-out described under “Anything else I should know?”;
• Child visitation monitors (i.e., any person who, for financial compensation, acts as monitor of a visit between a child and any other person when the monitoring of that visit has been ordered by a court of law);
• Animal control officers or humane society officers (i.e., any person employed by a city, county, or city and county for the purpose of enforcing animal control laws or regulations or any person appointed or employed by a public or private entity as a humane officer under applicable regulations);
• Clergy members, including priests, rabbis, ministers, religious practitioners or similar functionaries of a church, temple or recognized denomination or organization (except when knowledge or reasonable suspicion is acquired during a penitential communication);
• Any custodian of records of a clergy member;
• Any employee of any police department, county sheriff’s department, county probation department, or county welfare department;
• Employees or volunteers of a Court Appointed Special Advocate program;
• Custodial officers;
• Any person providing supportive services to a minor child;
• Alcohol or drug counselors (i.e., persons providing counseling, therapy, or other clinical services for a state licensed or certified drug, alcohol, or drug and alcohol treatment program (except that alcohol or drug abuse, or both alcohol and drug abuse, is not in and of itself a sufficient basis for reporting child abuse or neglect))
• Clinical counselor trainees registered under the California Business and Professions Code;
• Associate professional clinical counselors registered under the California Business and Professions Code;
• An employee or administrator of a public or private postsecondary educational institution, whose duties bring the administrator or employee into contact with children on a regular basis or who supervises those whose duties bring the administrator or employee into contact with children on a regular basis, as to child abuse or neglect occurring on that institution’s premises or at an official activity of, or program conducted by, the institution;
• An athletic coach, athletic administrator, or athletic director employed by any public or private school that provides any combination of instruction for kindergarten, or grades 1 to 12, inclusive;
• A commercial computer technician (i.e., a person who works for a company that is in the business of repairing, installing, or otherwise servicing a computer or computer component, including, but not limited to, a computer part, device, memory storage or recording mechanism, auxiliary storage recording or memory capacity, or any other material relating to the operation and maintenance of a computer or computer network system, for a fee). An employer who provides an electronic communications service or a remote computing service to the public shall be deemed to comply with this article if that employer complies with Section 2258A of Title 18 of the United States Code (subject to the carve-out described under “Anything else I should know?”);
• Any athletic coach, including, but not limited to, an assistant coach or a graduate assistant involved in coaching, at public or private postsecondary educational institutions;
• An individual certified by a licensed foster family agency as a certified family home;
• An individual approved as a resource family;
• A qualified autism service provider, a qualified autism service professional, or a qualified autism service paraprofessional;
• A human resource employee of a business subject to Part 2.8 (commencing with Section 12900) of Division 3 of Title 2 of the California Government Code that employs minors. For purposes of this section, a “human resource employee” is the employee or employees designated by the employer to accept any complaints of misconduct.
• An adult person whose duties require direct contact with and supervision of minors in the performance of the minors’ duties in the workplace of a business subject to Part 2.8 (commencing with Section 12900) of Division 3 of Title 2 of the California Government Code is a mandated reporter of sexual abuse. Nothing shall be construed to modify or limit the person’s duty to report known or reasonably suspected child abuse or neglect when the person is acting in some other capacity that would otherwise make the person a mandated reporter.

• An initial report must be made immediately or as soon as is practicably possible by telephone. The mandated reporter must also prepare and send, fax, or electronically transmit a written follow-up report within 36 hours of receiving the information concerning the incident.
• Any mandated reporter who knows or reasonably suspects that the home or institution in which a child resides is unsuitable for the child because of abuse or neglect of the child shall bring the condition to the attention of the agency to which, and at the same time as, he or she makes a report of the abuse or neglect.
• When two or more persons, who are required to report, jointly have knowledge of a known or reasonably suspected instance of child abuse or neglect, and where there is agreement among them, the telephone report may be made by a member of the team selected by mutual agreement and a single report may be made and signed by the selected member of the reporting team. Any member who has knowledge that the member designated to report has failed to do so shall thereafter make the report.

Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act, Cal. Penal Code §§ 11164 et seq. 

• Physicians or surgeons, including physicians in training;
• Child health associates;
• Medical examiners or coroners;
• Dentists;
• Osteopaths;
• Optometrists;
• Chiropractors;
• Podiatrists;
• Registered nurses or licensed practical nurses;
• Hospital personnel engaged in the admission, care, or treatment of patients;
• Christian science practitioners;
• Public or private school officials or employees;
• Social workers or workers in any facility or agency that is licensed or certified pursuant to part 9 of article 6 of title 26 or part 3 of article 5 of title 26.5;
• Mental health professionals;
• Dental therapists or dental hygienists;
• Psychologists;
• Physical therapists;
• Veterinarians;
• Peace officers;
• Pharmacists;
• Commercial film and photographic print processors (see “Anything else I should know?” for additional requirements);
• Firefighters (i.e., an officer or member of a fire department or fire protection or fire-fighting agency of the state, or any municipal or quasi-municipal corporation in Colorado, whether that person is a volunteer or receives compensation for services rendered as a firefighter);
• Licensed professional counselors;
• Licensed marriage and family therapists;
• Unlicensed psychotherapists;
• Clergy members (i.e., priests, rabbis, duly ordained, commissioned, or licensed ministers of a church, members of a religious order, or recognized leaders of any religious body) (but not if the reasonable cause is acquired through a privileged communication unless the person also acquires such reasonable cause from a source other than such a communication);
• Registered dietitians;
• Workers in the state department of human services;
• Juvenile parole and probation officers;
• Child and family investigator appointed pursuant to section 14-10-116.5 (i.e., a neutral third person appointed upon the motion of a party or on a court’s own motion, to serve the court as a child and family investigator in a domestic relations proceeding that involves allocation of parental responsibilities);
• Officers and agents of the state bureau of animal protection;
• Animal control officers;
• The child protection ombudsman;
• Educators providing services through a federal special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children;
• Directors, coaches, assistant coaches, or athletic program personnel employed by a private sports organization or program. “Employed” means that an individual is compensated beyond reimbursement for his or her expenses related to the private sports organization or program;
• A person who is registered as a psychologist candidate pursuant to section 12-245-304, marriage and family therapist candidate pursuant to section 12-245-504(4), or licensed professional counselor candidate pursuant to section 12-245-604(4), or who is described in section 12-245-217;
• Emergency medical service providers, as defined in sections 25-3.5-103(8) and 25-3.5-103(12), and certified or licensed pursuant to part 2 of article 3.5 of title 25;
• Officials or employees of county departments of health, human services, or social services;
• Naturopathic doctors registered under article 250 of title 12; and
• Employees of the Department of Early Childhood.

A report must be made as soon as practicable, but no later than 24 hours after receiving such information.

Child Protection Act of 1987, Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 19-3-301 et seq.

• Physicians or surgeons;
• Resident physicians or interns, whether or not licensed;
• Registered nurses;
• Licensed practical nurses;
• Medical examiners;
• Dentists;
• Dental hygienists;
• Psychologists;
• School employees (i.e., a teacher, substitute teacher, school administrator, school superintendent, guidance counselor, school counselor, psychologist, social worker, nurse, physician, paraprofessional or coach employed by a local or regional board of education or a private elementary, middle or high school or working in a public or private elementary, middle or high school; or any other person who, in the performance of his or her duties, has regular contact with students and who provides services to or on behalf of students enrolled in (i) a public elementary, middle or high school, pursuant to a contract with the local or regional board of education, or (ii) a private elementary, middle or high school, pursuant to a contract with the supervisory agent of such private school);
• Social workers;
• Any person who holds or is issued a coaching permit by the State Board of Education, is a coach of intramural or interscholastic athletics and is 18 years of age or older;
• Any individual who is employed as a coach or director of youth athletics and is 18 years of age or older;
• Any individual who is employed as a coach or director of a private youth sports organization, league or team and is 18 years of age or older;
• Any paid administrator, faculty, staff, athletic director, athletic coach or athletic trainer employed by a public or private institution of higher education who is 18 years of age or older, excluding student employees;
• Police officers;
• Juvenile or adult probation officers;
• Juvenile or adult parole officers;
• Members of the clergy;
• Pharmacists;
• Physical therapists;
• Optometrists;
• Chiropractors;
• Podiatrists;
• Mental health professionals;
• Physician assistants;
• Licensed or certified emergency medical services providers;
• Licensed or certified alcohol and drug counselors;
• Licensed marital and family therapists;
• Sexual assault counselors or domestic violence counselors as defined in section 52-146k of the General Statutes of Connecticut (and defined below);
• Licensed professional counselors;
• Licensed foster parents;
• Any person paid to care for a child in any public or private facility, child care center, group child care home or family child care home licensed by the state;
• Employees of the Department of Children and Families or any person who, in the performance of such person’s duties, has regular contact with and provides services to or on behalf of children pursuant to a contract with or credential issued by the Department of Children and Families;
• Employees of the Office of Early Childhood who are responsible for the licensing of child care centers, group child care homes, family child care homes or youth camps;
• Any paid youth camp director, or assistant director and staff member who is twenty-one years of age or older;
• The Child Advocate and any employees of the Office of the Child Advocate;
• any person who is a licensed behavior analyst;
• any family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor employed by the Judicial Department;
• any victim services advocate employed by the Office of Victim Services within the Judicial Department;
• any employee of a juvenile justice program operated by or pursuant to a contract with the Court Support Services Division of the Judicial Department; and
• any person employed, including any person employed under contract and any independent ombudsperson, to work at a juvenile detention facility or any other facility where children under 18 years of age are detained and who has direct contact with children as part of such employment.

• An oral or electronic report shall be made as soon as practicable but not later than 12 hours after the mandated reporter has reasonable cause to suspect or believe that a child has been abused or neglected or placed in imminent risk of serious harm. Not later than 48 hours after making an oral report, a mandated reporter shall submit a written report or electronic report to the Commissioner of Children and Families or the commissioner’s designee.
• A mandated reporter who makes an electronic report pursuant to this section shall respond to further inquiries from the commissioner or the commissioner’s designee made within 24 hours of such report.
• If the commissioner, or the commissioner’s designee, receives a report alleging sexual abuse or serious physical abuse, including, but not limited to, a report that: (1) a child has died; (2) a child has been sexually assaulted; (3) a child has suffered brain damage, loss or serious impairment of a bodily function or organ; (4) a child has been sexually exploited; or (5) a child has suffered serious nonaccidental physical injury, the commissioner shall, within 12 hours of receipt of such report, notify the appropriate law enforcement agency.

Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 17a-93, 17a-101, 17a-101(a)-(e), (o), 17a-103, 17a-104, 46b-120, 52-146k.

• Any person, agency, organization or entity who knows or in good faith suspects child abuse, neglect, or human trafficking shall make a report.
• A social worker may not disclose any information acquired from a person consulting the social worker in a professional capacity except:
• With the written consent of the person or, in the case of death or disability, the written consent of the person’s personal representative.
• A social worker is not required to treat as confidential a communication that reveals the planning of any violent crime or act.
• A social worker who knows or reasonably suspects child abuse or neglect must report to the Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families.
• If the person waives the privilege by bringing charges against the licensed social worker.
• An individual with knowledge of child abuse, neglect or human trafficking or knowledge that leads to a good-faith suspicion of child abuse, neglect or human trafficking may not rely on another individual who has less direct knowledge to call the below-referenced report line.

• An oral report shall be made immediately and can be made through the 24-hour statewide toll-free hotline (1-800-292-9582) or the online reporting system at http://kids.delaware.gov/fs/fs_iseethesigns.shtml.
• A written report must be made if requested.

Delaware Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, Del. Code Ann. tit. 16 §§ 901 et seq.; Del. Op. Att’y Gen. 3W-025. 

Any of the following, when acting in his or her professional or official capacity:

• Child and Family Services Agency employees, agents, and contractors;
• Physicians;
• Psychologists;
• Medical examiners;
• Dentists;
• Chiropractors;
• Registered nurses;
• Licensed practical nurses;
• Person involved in the care and treatment of patients;
• Law-enforcement officers;
• Humane officers of any agency charged with the enforcement of animal cruelty laws;
• School officials;
• Teachers;
• Athletic coaches;
• Department of Parks and Recreation employees;
• Public housing resident managers;
• Social service workers;
• Day care workers; and
• Mental health professionals.

An oral report shall be made immediately, with a written report to follow, if requested by the police or agency or if the abuse involves drug-related activity (except that licensed health professionals, law enforcement officers, or human officers of any agency charged with the enforcement of animal cruelty laws (except an undercover officer) who have reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused as a result of inadequate care, control, or subsistence in the home environment due to exposure to drug-related activity must report such belief immediately in writing to the Child and Family Services Agency).

Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Act of 1977, D.C. Code §§ 4-1321.01 et seq., § 14-310(a)(2); § 14-311(a)(2), § 14-312(a)(2)

• Physicians;
• Osteopaths;
• Medical examiners;
• Chiropractors;
• Nurses;
• Hospital personnel engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons;
• Healthcare professional or mental health professionals;
• Practitioners who rely solely on spiritual means for healing;
• School teachers or other school officials or personnel;
• Social workers;
• Day care center workers, or other professional, child care worker, foster care worker, residential worker or institutional worker;
• Law enforcement officers;
• Judges;
• Animal control officers;
• Any person who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is abused, abandoned, or neglected by a parent, legal custodian, caregiver, or other person responsible for the child’s welfare or that a child is in need of supervision and care and has no parent, legal custodian, or responsible adult relative immediately known and available to provide supervision and care;
• Any person who knows or has or reasonable cause to suspect that a child is abused by an adult other than a parent, legal custodian, caregiver or other person responsible for the child’s welfare; and
• Any person who knows or has or reasonable cause to suspect that a child is the victim of sexual abuse or juvenile sexual abuse.

• Reports must be submitted immediately and can be oral, written, or electronically transmitted
• If the report is of an instance of known or suspected child abuse, these reporting provisions do not apply to health care professionals or other persons who provide medical or counseling services to pregnant children when such reporting would interfere with the provision of medical services.
• The department’s central abuse hotline shall be able to receive all reports of known or suspected child abuse, abandonment, or neglect, by any person, at any hour of the day or night, any day of the week.
• The department will generally initiate an investigation within 24 hours of receiving a report. However, the department will initiate an investigation immediately if it appears that:

1. The immediate safety or well-being of a child is endangered;
2. The family may flee or the child may be unavailable for purposes of conducting a child protective investigation; or
3. The facts reported to the central abuse hotline otherwise so warrant.

Fla. Stat. §§ 39.01, 39.201-206.

• Physicians licensed to practice medicine, physician assistants, interns, or residents;
• Hospital or medical personnel;
• Dentists;
• Licensed psychologists and persons participating in internships to obtain licensing;
• Podiatrists;
• Registered professional nurses or licensed practical nurses or nurse’s aides;
• Professional counselors, social workers, or licensed marriage and family therapists;
• School teachers;
• School administrators;
• School counselors, visiting teachers, school social workers, or certified school psychologists;
• Child welfare agency personnel;
• Child-counseling personnel;
• Child service organization personnel;
• Law enforcement personnel;
• Reproductive health care facilities or pregnancy resource center personnel and volunteers; and
• Persons who process or produce visual or printed matter, either privately or commercially.

An oral report by telephone or other oral communication or a written report by electronic submission or facsimile shall be made immediately, but in no case later than 24 hours from the time there is reasonable cause to believe a child has been abused. Oral reports shall be followed by a report in writing, if requested, to a child welfare agency providing protective services, as designated by the Department of Human Services, or, in the absence of such agency, to an appropriate police authority or district attorney. The report shall be provided to military law enforcement, if applicable.

Ga. Code Ann. § 19-7-5, 19-15-1 and § 16-12-100 et seq.

Any person who, in the course of his or her employment, occupation or practice of his or her profession, comes into contact with children shall report when he or she has reason to suspect on the basis of his medical, professional or other training and experience that a child is an abused or neglected child. Persons required to report include, but are not limited to, any:

• licensed physician;
• medical examiner;
• dentist;
• osteopath;
• optometrist;
• chiropractor;
• podiatrist;
• intern;
• registered nurse;
• licensed practical nurse;
• hospital personnel engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons;
• Christian Science practitioner;
• clergy member of any religious faith, or other similar functionary or employee of any church, place of worship, or other religious organization whose primary duties consist of teaching, spreading the faith, church governance, supervision of a religious order, or supervision or participation in religious ritual and worship;
• school administrator;
• school teacher;
• school nurses;
• school counselor;
• social services worker;
• day care center worker;
• any other child care or foster care worker;
• mental health professional; and
• peace officer or law enforcement official.

Any commercial film or photographic print processor who has knowledge of or observes, within the scope of his or her professional capacity or employment, any film, photograph, video tape, negative or slide depicting a child under the age of 18 engaged in act of sexual conduct shall report instances of suspected child abuse to Child Protective Services immediately or as soon as practically possible by telephone and shall prepare and send a written report of it with a copy of the film, photograph, video tape, negative or slide attached within 48 hours of receiving the information concerning the incident.

Reports shall be made immediately by telephone and followed up in writing within 48 hours after the oral report.

19 G.C.A. §§ 13101, 13201, 13202, 13203, 13205, 13206, 13207.

Any of the following persons who, in their professional or official capacity, have reason to believe that child abuse or neglect has occurred or that there exists a substantial risk that child abuse or neglect may occur in the reasonably foreseeable future:

• Any licensed or registered professional of the healing arts or any health-related occupation who examines, attends, treats, or provides other professional or specialized services, including, but not limited to, physicians, including physicians in training, psychologists, dentists, nurses, osteopathic physicians and surgeons, optometrists, chiropractors, podiatrists, pharmacists, and other health-related professionals;
• Employees or officers of any public or private school;
• Employees or officers of any public or private agency or institution, or other individuals, providing social, medical, hospital, or mental health services including financial assistance;
• Employees or officers of any law enforcement agency, including, but not limited to, the courts, police departments, department of public safety, correctional institutions, and parole or probation offices;
• Individual providers of child care, or employees or officers of any licensed or registered child care facility, foster home, or similar institution;
• Medical examiners or coroners;
• Employees of any public or private agency providing recreational or sports activities.
• Commercial film and photographic print or image processors;
• Commercial computer technicians; and
• Members of the clergy or custodians of records therefor; provided that a member of the clergy shall not be required to report information gained solely during a penitential communication, except when the clergy member believes that a substantial risk that child abuse or neglect that is especially heinous, atrocious, cruel or manifesting exceptional depravity may occur in the reasonably foreseeable future. When a clergy member receives reportable information from any source other than a penitential communication, the clergy member shall comply with the reporting requirements, regardless of whether the clergy member received the same information during a penitential communication.

Oral report is to be made immediately. The written report should follow oral report as soon as possible.

HRS §§ 350-1, 350-1.1, 350-1.2, 350-1.3, 350-1.4, 350-1.5, 350-3, 626-1, Rule 505.5

• Any physician, resident on a hospital staff, intern, nurse, coroner, school teacher, day care personnel, social worker, or other person having reason to believe that a child has been abused, abandoned or neglected or who observes the child being subjected to conditions or circumstances that would reasonably result in abuse, abandonment or neglect.

A duly ordained minister of religion is not a mandatory reporter with regard to any confession or confidential communication made to him in his ecclesiastical capacity in the course of discipline enjoined by the church to which he belongs if: a) the church qualifies as tax-exempt under federal law; b) the confession or confidential communication was made directly to the duly ordained minister of religion; and c) the confession or confidential communication was made in the manner and context that places the duly ordained minister of religion specifically and strictly under a level of confidentiality that is considered inviolate by canon law or church doctrine. A confession or confidential communication made under any other circumstances does not fall under this exemption.

• Must report within 24 hours.

Id. Code §§ 16-1602; 16-1605; 16-1606; 16-1607.

• Any of the following persons or entities, having reasonable cause to believe a child known to them in their professional or official capacity may be an abused child or a neglected child:

• Medical personnel, including any physician licensed to practice medicine in any of its branches (medical doctor or doctor of osteopathy); resident; intern; medical administrator or personnel engaged in the examination, care, and treatment of persons; psychiatrist; surgeon; dentist; dental hygienist; chiropractic physician; podiatric physician; physician assistant; emergency medical technician; physical therapist; physical therapy assistant; occupational therapist; occupational therapy assistant; acupuncturist; registered nurse; licensed practical nurse; advanced practice registered nurse; genetic counselor; respiratory care practitioner; home health aide; or certified nursing assistant;
• Social services and mental health personnel, including any: licensed professional counselor; licensed clinical professional counselor; licensed social worker; licensed clinical social worker; licensed psychologist or assistant working under the direct supervision of a psychologist; associate licensed marriage and family therapist; licensed marriage and family therapist; field personnel of the Departments of Healthcare and Family Services, Public Health, Human Services, Human Rights, or Children and Family Services; supervisor or administrator of the General Assistance program established under Article VI of the Illinois Public Aid Code; social services administrator; or substance abuse treatment personnel.
• Crisis intervention personnel, including any: crisis line or hotline personnel; or domestic violence program personnel.
• Education personnel, including any: school personnel (including administrators and certified and non-certified school employees); personnel of institutions of higher education; educational advocate assigned to a child in accordance with the School Code; member of a school board or the Chicago Board of Education or the governing body of a private school (but only to the extent required under subsection (d)); or truant officer.
• Recreation or athletic program or facility personnel; or an athletic trainer.
• Child care personnel, including any: early intervention provider as defined in the Early Intervention Services System Act; director or staff assistant of a nursery school or a child day care center; or foster parent, homemaker, or child care worker.
• Law enforcement personnel, including any: law enforcement officer; field personnel of the Department of Juvenile Justice; field personnel of the Department of Corrections; probation officer; or animal control officer or field investigator of the Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Animal Health and Welfare.
• Any funeral home director; funeral home director and embalmer; funeral home employee; coroner; or medical examiner.
• Any member of the clergy.
• Any physician, physician assistant, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, medical technician, certified nursing assistant, licensed social worker, licensed clinical social worker, or licensed professional counselor of any office, clinic, licensed behavior analyst, licensed assistant behavior analyst, or any other physical location that provides abortions, abortion referrals, or contraceptives.

If an electronic and information technology equipment worker discovers any depiction of child pornography while installing, repairing, or otherwise servicing an item of electronic and information technology equipment, that worker or the worker's employer shall immediately report the discovery to the local law enforcement agency or to the Cyber Tipline at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

In addition to the persons required to report suspected cases of child abuse or child neglect under this Section, any other person may make a report if such person has reasonable cause to believe a child may be an abused child or a neglected child.

• Must report suspected abuse or neglect immediately.
• All reports by mandatory reporters must be confirmed in writing to the appropriate Child Protective Services Unit within 48 hours of any initial report.

Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act, 325 ILCS §§ 5/3, 5/4, 5/4.1, 5/4.02, 5/4.5, 5/7, 5/7.6, 5/9; 5/9.1, 5/10; 225 ILC 5/16; 720 ILC § 5/11-20.2.

• Any person.

An oral or written report of the suspected abuse or neglect shall be made immediately.

Ind. Code Ann.§§ 31-9-2-13, 31-9-2-14, 31-25-2-1, 31-33-1-2, 31-33-5-1, 31-33-5-2, 31-33-5-3, 31-33-5-4, 31-33-6-1, 31-33-6-2, 31-33-6-3, 31-33-10-1, 31-33-22-1, 31-33-22-2, 31-33-22-3, 31-34-1-1. 31-34-1-2, 31-34-1-3, 31-34-1-3.5, 31-34-1-4, 31-34-1-5, 31-34-1-8, 31-34-1-9, 31-34-1-10, 31-34-1-11, 31-34-1-12. 31-34-1-13, 31-34-1-14.

• Every health practitioner who, in the scope of professional practice, examines, attends, or treats a child and who reasonably believes the child has been abused, including a health practitioner who receives information confirming that a child is infected with a sexually transmitted disease. A health practitioner includes:
• Licensed physician and surgeon;
• Osteopathic physician and surgeon;
• Dentist;
• Optometrist;
• Podiatric physician;
• Chiropractor;
• A resident or intern in any of such professions;
• A licensed dental hygienist;
• A registered nurse or licensed practical nurse;
• A physician assistant; and
• A certified emergency medical care provider.
• Any of the following persons who, in the scope of professional practice or their employment responsibilities, examines, attends, counsels, or treats a child and who reasonably believes the child has been abused:
• A social worker;
• An employee or operator of a public or private health care facility (i.e., a residential care facility, a nursing facility, an intermediate care facility for persons with mental illness, or an intermediate care facility for persons with an intellectual disability);
• A certified psychologist;
• A licensed school employee, certified para-educator, holder of a coaching authorization issued by the state, a school employee who is eighteen years of age or older, or an instructor employed by a community college;
• An employee or operator of a licensed child care center, registered child development home, Head Start program, Family Development and Self-Sufficiency Grant Program regulated by the state, or Healthy Opportunities for Parents to Experience Success-Healthy Families Iowa Program;
• An employee or operator of a substance use disorder program or facility licensed by the state;
• An employee of an institution governed by the Department of Human Services of the state (i.e., Glenwood state resource center; Woodward state resource center; mental health institute, Cherokee, Iowa; mental health institute, Independence, Iowa; state training school; or other facilities not attached to the campus of the main institution as program developments require);
• An employee or operator of a juvenile detention or juvenile shelter care facility approved by the state;
• An employee or operator of a child foster care facility under chapter 237;
• An employee or operator of a mental health center;
• A peace officer;
• A counselor or mental health professional (as defined below);
• An employee or operator of a provider of services to children funded under a federally-approved medical assistance home and community-based services waiver;
• An employee, operator, owner, or other person who performs duties for a children’s residential facility certified under chapter 237C; and
• A massage therapist licensed pursuant to chapter 152C.

• Mandatory reports must be made within 24 hours.  Permissive reports can be made at any time.
• Upon receipt of a report, the Department of Human Services shall immediately make a determination as to whether the report constitutes an allegation of child abuse.
• Within 24 hours of receiving a report (mandatory or permissive), the Department of Human Services will inform the reporter, orally or by other appropriate means, whether or not it has commenced an assessment of the allegation in the report.

Iowa Code §§ 232.68, 232.69, 232.70, 232.73, 232.73A, 232.75., 232.77, 728.14

• Any of the following persons:
• Persons licensed to practice the healing arts, dentistry and optometry;
• Persons engaged in postgraduate training programs approved by the state board of healing arts;
• Licensed professional or practical nurses;
• Chief administrative officers of medical care facilities;
• Licensed psychologists;
• Licensed masters level psychologists;
• Licensed clinical psychotherapists;
• Licensed social workers;
• Licensed marriage and family therapists;
• Licensed clinical marriage and family therapists;
• Licensed behavioral analysts;
• Licensed assistant behavioral analysts;
• Licensed professional counselors;
• Licensed clinical professional counselors;
• Registered alcohol and drug abuse counselors;
• Teachers, school administrators or other employees of an educational institution that the child is attending and any member of the board of directors of the Kansas state high school activities association referenced in K.S.A. 72–7114, and amendments thereto, and any person who is employed by or is an officer of such association;
• Persons licensed by the secretary of health and environment to provide child care services or the employees of persons so licensed at the place where the child care services are being provided to the child;
• Firefighters;
• Emergency medical services personnel;
• Law enforcement officers;
• Juvenile intake and assessment workers;
• Court services officers;
• Community corrections officers;
• Case managers appointed under state regulations;
• Mediators appointed under state regulations; and
• Any person employed by or who works as a volunteer for any organization, whether for profit or not-for-profit, that provides social services to pregnant teenagers, including, but not limited to, counseling, adoption services, and pregnancy education and maintenance.

• Reports shall be made promptly.
• The report may be made orally and shall be followed by a written report, if requested.
• Kansas Administrative Regulations require that day care providers report suspected child abuse or neglect within 24 hours.

K.S.A. §§ 38-101, 38-2202, 38-2223, 38-2224; 38-2225; and 38-2226. Regulatory citation KS ADC 28-4-118.

• Any person.
• The following persons are required to also submit written reports, if requested, in addition to an oral report:
• physician;
• osteopathic physician;
• nurse,
• teacher;
• school personnel;
• social worker;
• coroner;
• medical examiner;
• child-caring personnel;
• resident;
• intern;
• chiropractor;
• dentist;
• optometrist;
• emergency medical technician;
• paramedic;
• health professional;
• mental health professional;
• peace officer; and
• any organization or agency for any of the above.

• An oral or written report, including but not limited to electronic submissions, must be made immediately.
• If a written report is requested (including but not limited to electronic submissions), it must be made within 48 hours of the original oral report.

K.R.S. §§ 600.020, 620.030, 620.050 194A.540.

• Any of the following individuals:
• Health practitioner, which is any individual who provides health care services, including a physician, surgeon, physical therapist, dentist, resident, intern, hospital staff member, outpatient abortion facility staff member, podiatrist, chiropractor, licensed nurse, nursing aide, dental hygienist, any emergency medical technician, a paramedic, optometrist, medical examiner, or coroner, who diagnoses, examines, or treats a child or his family;
• Mental health/social service practitioner, which is any individual who provides mental health care or social service diagnosis, assessment, counseling, or treatment, including a psychiatrist, psychologist, marriage or family counselor, social worker, member of the clergy, aide, or other individual who provides counseling services to a child or his family (note that in the following limited circumstances, a mental health/social service practitioner shall not be considered a mandatory reporter: (1) when the practitioner is engaged by an attorney to assist in the rendition of professional legal services to that child; (2) when the information that would serve as the basis for reporting arises in furtherance of facilitating the rendition of those professional legal services to that child; and (3) when the information that would serve as the basis for reporting is documented by the mental health/social service practitioner (which documentation must be retained by the practitioner until one year after the child has reached the age of majority));
• Member of the clergy, which is any priest, rabbi, duly ordained clerical deacon or minister, Christian Science practitioner, or other similarly situated functionary of a religious organization, except that a member of the clergy is not required to report a confidential communication from a person to a member of the clergy who, in the course of the discipline or practice of that church, denomination, or organization, is authorized or accustomed to hearing confidential communications, and under the discipline or tenets of the church, denomination, or organization has a duty to keep such communications confidential. In that instance, he shall encourage that person to report the allegations to the appropriate authorities;
• Teaching or child care provider, which is any person who provides or assists in the teaching, training and supervision of a child, including any public or private teacher, teacher’s aide, instructional aide, school principal, school staff member, school resource officer, bus driver, coach, professor, technical or vocational instructor, technical or vocational school staff member, college or university administrator, college or university staff member, social worker, probation officer, foster home parent, group home or other child care institutional staff member, personnel of residential home facilities, a licensed or unlicensed day care provider, or any individual who provides such services to a child in a voluntary or professional capacity;
• Police officers or law enforcement officials (note: any police officer or law enforcement official who works as a school resource officer shall be considered a mandatory reporter; a school resource officer shall not receive information from another mandatory reporter or commence or oversee any investigation into the report);
• Commercial film and photographic print processor, which is any person who develops exposed photographic film into negatives, slides, or prints, or who makes prints from negatives or slides for compensation;
• Appointed mediators;
• Appointed parenting coordinators;
• Court-appointed special advocates (CASA) volunteers under the supervision of a CASA program;
• School coaches, including, but not limited to, public technical or vocational school, community college, college, or university coaches and coaches of intramural or interscholastic athletics; and
• Organizational or youth activity provider, which is any person who provides organized activities for children, including administrators, employees, or volunteers of any day camp, summer camp, youth center, or youth recreation programs or any other organization that provides organized activities for children.

• Must report immediately. If mandatory reporter made initial oral report, the reporter must follow with a written report within five days via:
• the online Mandated Reporter Portal of the Louisiana Department of Children and Family Services: https://mr.dcfs.la.gov/c/MR_PortalApp.app;
• by mail to the centralized intake unit of the department at the address provided on the website of the department (see below);

DCFS Centralized Intake

P.O. Box 3318

Baton Rouge, LA 70821

A downloadable form of the CPI-2 form for mandated reporters to mail to the address above can be found here:
https://www.dcfs.louisiana.gov/assets/docs/searchable/

Child%20Welfare/MandatedReportersForm_CPI_2.pdf

• if necessary, to the local law enforcement agency.
• Mandatory reporters may (but need not) use the following form for any report: https://mr.dcfs.la.gov/c/MR_PortalApp.app
• The Louisiana Department of Children and Family Services will:
• promptly communicate abuse or neglect cases not involving a parent, caretaker, or occupant of the household to the appropriate law enforcement agency in accordance with a written working agreement developed between the department and law enforcement agency;
• report all cases of child death which involve a suspicion of abuse or neglect as a contributing factor in the child’s death to the local and state law enforcement agencies, the office of the district attorney, and the coroner;
• promptly communicate to the appropriate law enforcement authorities all reports involving a felony-grade crime against a child as part of the interagency protocols for multidisciplinary investigations of child abuse and neglect in each judicial district; and
• communicate as soon as possible all reports involving alleged child victims of sex trafficking to the Louisiana State Police for referral to the appropriate local law enforcement agency for investigation or other action as appropriate.

La. Ch.C. Art. 603, 609, 610, 611; La. R.S. 14:403; LSA-R.S. 14:2(C)

• Any of the following adults persons or entities, when acting in a professional capacity:
• Allopathic or osteopathic physician, resident or intern;
• Emergency medical services person;
• Medical examiner;
• Physician’s assistant;
• Dentist;
• Dental hygienist;
• Dental assistant;
• Chiropractor;
• Podiatrist;
• Registered or licensed practical nurse;
• Teacher;
• Guidance counselor;
• School official;
• Youth camp administrator or counselor;
• Social worker;
• Court appointed special advocate or guardian ad litem for the child;
• Homemaker;
• Home health aide;
• Medical or social service worker;
•  Psychologist;
• Child care personnel;
• Mental health professional;
• Law enforcement official;
• State or municipal fire inspector;
• Municipal code enforcement official;
• Commercial film and photographic print processor;
• Member of the clergy acquiring the information as a result of clerical professional work (except for information learned through confidential communications);
• Chair of a professional licensing board that has jurisdiction over mandatory reporters;
• Humane agent employed by the Department of Agriculture, Conservation, and Forestry;
• Sexual assault counselors;
• School bus driver or school bus attendant; and
• Family or domestic violence victim advocates.
• Any person who has assumed full, intermittent, or occasional responsibility for the care and custody of the child, regardless of whether that person is compensated.
• Any person affiliated with a church or religious institution who serves in an administrative capacity or has otherwise assumed a position of trust or responsibility to members of that church or religious institution, while acting in that capacity, regardless of whether that person is compensated.

• Must make oral report by telephone of suspected abuse or neglect immediately. If requested by the Department of Health and Human Services, must follow with a written report within 48 hours.
• Hospitals and hospital staff, medical professionals, school personnel and law enforcement personnel may submit reports electronically through a portal linked to the Department of Health and Human Services’ comprehensive child welfare information system.

22 M.R.S.A. §§ 4002, 4009, 4010, 4011-A, 4012, 4014, 4015, 4016, 4017.

• Health practitioner, police officer, educator, or human service worker, acting in a professional capacity in this State.
• Health care practitioner involved in the delivery or care of a substance- exposed newborn.
• Any other person who is not a health practitioner, police officer, educator, or human service worker unless:
• doing so would violate the attorney-client privilege, the report would require disclosure of “matter communicated in confidence by a client to the client’s attorney or other information relating to the representation of the client,” or doing so would violate any constitutional right to assistance of counsel; or
• such person is a minister, clergyman, or priest, and the report would disclose matters in relation to any clergy-person privileged communication that was made in a professional character in the course of discipline enjoined by the church to which the minister, clergyman, or priest belongs; and the minister, clergyman, or priest is bound to maintain the confidentiality of that communication under canon law, church doctrine, or practice.

• For health practitioners, police officers, educators, and human service workers acting in a professional capacity:
• The oral report must be made by telephone or direct communication as soon as possible; and
• The written report must be made not later than 48 hours after the contact, examination, attention, or treatment that caused the individual to believe that the child had been subjected to abuse or neglect.
• For all other persons, there are no timing requirements specified, and the report may be oral or in writing to the local department of social services or the appropriate law enforcement agency.

Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law §§ 5-701, 5-704, 5-704.1, 5-704.2, 5-705, 5-705.1, 5-705.2, 5-705.4, 5-708; Md. Code Ann., Courts and Judicial Proceedings §§ 5-620, 9-108, 9-111; MD Code, Criminal Law § 3-602.2

• Any of the following:
• Physicians; medical interns; hospital personnel engaged in the examination, care or treatment of persons; medical examiners; psychologists; emergency medical technicians; dentists; nurses; chiropractors; podiatrists; optometrists; osteopaths;
• Allied mental health and human services professionals licensed under Mass. Gen. Laws chapter 112, section 165 (marriage and family therapists, rehabilitation counselors, mental health counselors, educational psychologists and applied behavior analysts);
• Drug and alcoholism counselors; psychiatrists; clinical social workers;
• Public or private schoolteachers; educational administrators; guidance or family counselors; school attendance officers;
• Child care workers; persons paid to care for, or work with, a child in any public or private facility, or home or program funded by Massachusetts or licensed by the Department of Early Education and Care that provides child care or residential services to children or that provides the services of child care resource and referral agencies, voucher management agencies, family child care systems or child care food programs; licensors of the Department of Early Education and Care;
• Social workers; foster parents; probation officers; clerk-magistrates of a district court; parole officers;
• Firefighters; police officers; animal control officers;
• Priests; rabbis; clergy members; ordained or licensed ministers; leaders of any church or religious body; accredited Christian Science practitioners; persons performing official duties on behalf of a church or religious body that are recognized as the duties of any of these types of individuals (e.g., priests, rabbis, etc.); persons employed by a church or religious body to supervise, educate, coach, train or counsel a child on a regular basis;
• Persons in charge of a medical or other public or private institution, school or facility or any such person’s designated agent; and
• The Child Advocate appointed by the Governor of Massachusetts.

• Must report orally immediately followed within 48 hours by a written report submitted to the DCF.
• If hospital personnel collect physical evidence of child abuse or neglect, the local district attorney and local law enforcement (in addition to DCF) shall be notified immediately.

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 119, §§ 21, 51A, 51B; ch. 233, § 20M; ch. 265, §51.

• Physician, dentist, physician’s assistant, registered dental hygienist, medical examiner, nurse, person licensed to provide emergency medical care;
• Audiologist, psychologist, physical therapist, physical therapist assistant, occupational therapist, athletic trainer, marriage and family therapist, licensed professional counselor, social worker, licensed master’s social worker, licensed bachelor’s social worker;
• Registered social service technician, social service technician;
• Person employed in a professional capacity in any office of the friend of the court;
• School administrator, school counselor, teacher;
• Law enforcement officer;
• Member of the clergy;
• Child care provider who is regulated by the state of Michigan;
• Any employee of an organization or entity that, as a result of federal funding statutes, regulations, or contracts, would be prohibited from reporting in the absence of a state mandate or court order; and
• The following staff members/employees of the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS):
• eligibility specialist;
• family independence manager;
• family independence specialist;
• social services specialist;
• social work specialist;
• social work specialist manager; and
• welfare services specialist.

• Reporters must make an immediate oral report by telephone, or, if available, through the online reporting system, followed within 72 hours by a written report.
• If the immediate report has been made using the online reporting system and that report includes the information required in a written report, that report is considered a written report and no additional written report is required

Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 722.622, 722.623, 722.623a, 722.624, 722.625, 722.627, 722.631, 722.633

• A professional or professional’s delegate who is engaged in the practice of the healing arts, social services (including employee assistance counseling and the provision of guardian ad litem and parenting time expeditor services), hospital administration, psychological or psychiatric treatment, child care, education, correctional supervision, probation and correctional services, or law enforcement; or
• Employed as a member of the clergy and received the information while engaged in ministerial duties, provided that a member of the clergy is not required to report information that is otherwise privileged (from, for example, a confession).
• If the child’s parent, guardian, or other person responsible for the child’s care in good faith selects and depends upon spiritual means or prayer for treatment or care of disease or remedial care of the child in lieu of medical care, the parent, guardian, or caretaker, or a person mandated to report, has a duty to report if a lack of medical care may cause serious danger to the child’s health.
• A licensing board or other entity whose licensees perform work within a school facility, upon receiving a compliant of alleged maltreatment, shall report the alleged maltreatment to the commissioner of education
• An employee or supervisor of a private or public youth recreation program shall immediately report information to the local welfare agency, agency responsible for assessing or investigating the report, police department, county sheriff, Tribal social services agency, or Tribal police department if:
• the employee or supervisor knows or has reason to believe that another employee or supervisor is abusing or has abused a child within the preceding three years; or
• a child discloses to the employee or supervisor that the child is being abused or has been abused within the preceding three years.

• An oral report (by telephone or otherwise) must be made immediately (as soon as possible but in no event longer than 24 hours).
• Within 72 hours of making an oral report (exclusive of weekends and holidays), the reporter must send a written report.

Minn. St. §§ 260E.03, 260E.055, 260E.06, 260E.08, 260E.09, 260E.14, 260E.31, 260E.32, 260E.34.

• Any person, including, but not limited to, any:
• attorney;
• physician;
• dentist;
• intern;
• resident;
• nurse;
• psychologist;
• social worker;
• family protection worker;
• family protection specialist;
• child caregiver;
• minister;
• law enforcement officer;
• public or private school employee;
• any other person having reasonable cause to suspect that a child is a neglected child, an abused child, or a victim of commercial sexual exploitation or human trafficking; or
• any person including, but not limited to the following, who knows or suspects that a vulnerable person has been or is being abused, neglected or exploited:
• Attorney, physician, osteopathic physician, medical examiner, chiropractor or nurse engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of vulnerable persons;
• Health professional or mental health professional other than one listed in subparagraph (i);
• Practitioner who relies solely on spiritual means for healing;
• Social worker, family protection worker, family protection specialist or other professional care, residential or institutional staff;
• State, county or municipal criminal justice employee or law enforcement officer;
• Human rights advocacy committee or long-term care ombudsman council member; or
• Accountant, stockbroker, financial advisor or consultant, insurance agent or consultant, investment advisor or consultant, financial planner, or any officer or employee of a bank, savings and loan, credit union or any other financial service provider.

• Must make the oral report immediately by telephone or otherwise, and followed as soon as possible by a written report to the Mississippi Department of Child Protection Services.

• Miss. Code Ann. §§ 43-21-105, 43-21-353, 43-21-355, 43-47-5, 43-47-7

• Physician, medical examiner, coroner, dentist, chiropractor, optometrist, podiatrist, resident, intern, nurse, hospital or clinic personnel that are engaged in the examination, care, treatment or research of persons;
• any other health practitioner, psychologist, mental health professional, social worker, day care center worker or other child-care worker, juvenile officer, probation or parole officer, jail or detention center personnel, teacher, principal or other school official, minister, peace officer or law enforcement official, volunteer or personnel of a community service program that offers support services for families in crisis to assist in the delegation of any powers regarding the care and custody of a child by a properly executed power of attorney pursuant to sections 475.600 to 475.604; and
• any other person with responsibility for the care of children.

• Reporter must make an oral report immediately, by telephone or otherwise.
• Evidence of sexual abuse or sexual molestation of any child must be turned over to the Missouri Children’s Division within 24 hours by those mandated to report.

• Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 210.110, 210.115, 210.120, 210.130, 210.135, 210.140, 210.165, 352.400.

• Any of the following persons as a result of information they receive in their professional or official capacity:
• A physician, resident, intern, or member of a hospital’s staff engaged in the admission, examination, care, or treatment of persons (“category 1” for purposes of the discussion below in “Anything else I should know?”);
• A nurse, osteopath, chiropractor, podiatrist, medical examiner, coroner, dentist, optometrist, or any other health or mental health professional (“category 2” for purposes of the discussion below in “Anything else I should know?”);
• Religious healers;
• School teachers, other school officials, and employees who work during regular school hours;
• A social worker, licensed pursuant to Title 37, child protection investigator, child reunification specialist, operator or employee of any registered or licensed day-care or substitute care facility, staff of a resource and referral grant program organized under Montana state law or of a child and adult food care program, or an operator or employee of a child-care facility;
• A foster care, residential, or institutional worker;
• A peace officer or other law enforcement official;
• A member of the clergy;
• A guardian ad litem or a court-appointed advocate who is authorized to investigate a report of alleged abuse or neglect;
• An employee of an entity that contracts with the department of public health and human services to provide direct services to children; and
• An employee of the department while in conduct of the employee’s duties.

• Reports to be made promptly. No written report is required.

Mont. Code Ann. §§ 41-3-102, 41-3-201, 41-3-206, 41-3-207; 37-2-302.

• Physician, medical examiner, coroner, dentist, cAny physician, medical institution, nurse, school employee, social worker, the Inspector General or any other person that has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been subject to child abuse or neglect or observes such child being subject to conditions or circumstances which reasonably would result in child abuse or neglect.

• Timing is not specified. Telephone report must be followed by a written report

Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 28-359, 28-710, 28-711, 28-714, 28-716, 28-717, 28-720, 28-720.01, 28-727

• Any of the following when acting in his or her professional or occupational capacity:
• A physician, dentist, dental hygienist, chiropractor, optometrist, dispensing optician, podiatrist, homeopathic physician, osteopath, medical examiner, resident, intern, perfusionist, professional or practical nurse, licensed physician assistant, audiologist, speech-language pathologist, physical or occupational therapist, pharmacist, psychiatrist, psychologist, marriage and family therapist, clinical professional counselor, clinical alcohol and drug abuse counselor, alcohol and drug abuse counselor, clinical social worker, music therapist, athletic trainer, driver of an ambulance, advanced emergency medical technician, paramedic, licensed dietician, a doctor of oriental medicine in any form, narapath, or other person providing medical services licensed or certified in the State of Nevada;
• Any personnel of a hospital or similar institution engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons or an administrator, manager or other person in charge of a hospital or similar institution upon notification of suspected abuse or neglect of a child by a member of the staff of the hospital;
• A coroner;
• A clergyman, practitioner of Christian Science or religious healer, unless he has acquired the knowledge of the abuse or neglect from the offender during a confession;
• A person employed by a public school or private school and any person who serves as a volunteer at such a school;
• Any person who maintains or is employed by a facility or establishment that provides care for children, children’s camp or other public or private facility, institution or agency furnishing care to a child;
• Any person licensed to conduct a foster home;
• Any officer or employee of a law enforcement agency or an adult or juvenile probation officer;
• An attorney, unless he or she has acquired the knowledge of the abuse or neglect from a client who is or may be accused of the abuse or neglect;
• Any person who maintains, is employed by or serves as a volunteer for an agency or service which advises persons regarding abuse or neglect of a child and refers them to persons or agencies where their requests and needs can be met;
• Any person who is employed by or serves as a volunteer for an approved youth shelter;
• Any adult person who is employed by an entity that provides organized activities for children, including, without limitation, a person who is employed by a school district or public school;
• Any person who is enrolled with the Division of Health Care Financing and Policy of the Department of Health and Human Services to provide doula services to recipients of Medicaid; and
• A peer recover support specialist, or peer recovery support specialist supervisor.

• As soon as reasonably practicable but not later than 24 hours after the reporter knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the child has been abused or neglected. Reports are to be made by telephone or (in light of all the surrounding facts and circumstances known or which reasonably should be known to the person at the time), by any other means of oral, written, or electronic communications that a reasonable person would believe, under those facts and circumstances, is a reliable and swift means of communicating under the circumstances.
• If the report is made orally, the person who receives the report must reduce it to writing as soon as reasonably practicable.

Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 432B.020, 432B.040, 432B.121, 432B.220, 432B.230, 432B.240, 392.303, 392.305, 202.882, 202.885, 202.888

• Any physician, surgeon, county medical examiner, psychiatrist, resident, intern, dentist, osteopath, optometrist, chiropractor, psychologist, therapist, registered nurse, hospital personnel (engaged in admission, examination, care and treatment of persons), Christian Science practitioner, teacher, school official, school nurse, school counselor, social worker, day care worker, any other child or foster care worker, law enforcement official, priest, minister, or rabbi or any other person having reason to suspect that a child has been abused or neglected.
• A peace officer in limited circumstances when there are crimes related to controlled substances. If a peace officer takes and places into protective custody any child present in an area where any methamphetamine-related crimes described in § 639-A:2 is taking place, they must report the matter as a suspected incident of abuse or neglect. Effective Jan. 1, 2026, this reporting requirement is expanded from methamphetamine-related crimes to a crimes related to controlled substances more broadly. If a peace officer does not take a child into protective custody, but has reason to believe that the child may have been exposed to a controlled substance or substances (unless pursuant to a valid prescription), the peace officer shall report the matter to the department of health and human services as a suspected incident of abuse or neglect under RSA 169-C:29. The department shall investigate the report in accordance with RSA 169-C:34 and may, as part of its investigation, screen the child for possible health concerns related to exposure to a controlled substance or substances, except pursuant to a valid prescription.

• Must report orally immediately by telephone or otherwise, and followed within 48 hours by a written report, if so requested by the NH DHHS.

N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 169-C:3, 169-C:29, 169-C:30, 169-C:31, 169-C:32, 169-33, 169-C:37, 169-C:39, § 639-A:4.

• Any person having reasonable cause to believe that a child has been subjected to child abuse, including sexual abuse, or acts of child abuse.

• Reports must be made immediately by telephone or otherwise.

N.J. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 9:6-8.9, 9:6-8.10, 9:6-8.13, 9:6-8.14, 2C:43-3.1.a(2)(a)

• Every person (including licensed physicians, residents or interns examining, attending or treating a child, law enforcement officers, judges presiding during a proceeding, registered nurses, visiting nurses, school employees (includes employees of a school district or a public school) , social workers acting in an official capacity, and members of the clergy, who has information that is not privileged as a matter of law) is a mandatory reporter.
  • Since expressly applicable to “every person,” the statute imposes a universal mandatory reporting requirement, notwithstanding statute’s listing of specific occupational groups as reporters. State v. Strauch, 345 P.3d 317 (N.M.S.C. 2015).   

• Reports must be made immediately. 
• A law enforcement agency receiving the report is required to immediately transmit the facts of the report and the name, address and phone number of the reporter by telephone to the department and to transmit the same information within 48 hours.
• The department shall immediately transmit the facts of the report and the name, address and phone number of the reporter by telephone to a local law enforcement agency and shall transmit the same information in writing within 48 hours.
• The recipient of a report must take immediate steps to ensure prompt investigation of the report.  The investigation must make sure that immediate steps are taken to protect the health or welfare of the child.
• A local law enforcement officer trained in the investigation of child abuse and neglect is responsible for investigating reports of alleged child abuse or neglect at schools, daycare facilities or child care facilities.

• N.M. Stat. § 30-6-2, 30-6-4, 32A-1-4, 32A-4-2, 32A-4-3.

• Any of the following, when acting in their professional or official capacities:
• Physicians;
• Registered physician assistants;
• Surgeons;
• Medical examiners;
• Coroners;
• Dentists;
• Dental hygienists;
• Osteopaths;
• Optometrists;
• Chiropractors;
• Podiatrists;
• Residents;
• Interns;
• Psychologists;
• Registered nurses;
• Social workers;
• Emergency medical technicians;
• Licensed creative arts therapists;
• Licensed marriage and family therapists;
• Licensed mental health counselors;
• Licensed psychoanalysts;
• Licensed behavior analysts;
• Certified behavior analyst assistants;
• Hospital personnel engaged in the admission, examination, care, or treatment of persons;
• Christian Science practitioners;
• School officials (which includes, but is not limited to, school teacher, school guidance counselor, school psychologist, school social worker, school nurse, school administrator, other school personnel required to hold a teaching or administrative license or certificate, or full or part-time compensated school employee required to hold a temporary coaching license or professional coaching certificate);
• Social services workers;
• Employees of a publicly-funded emergency shelter for families with children;
• Directors of a children’s overnight camp, summer day camp or traveling summer day camp;
• Day care center workers;
• School-age child care workers;
• Providers of family or group family day care;
• Employees or volunteers in a residential care facility for children that is licensed, certified or operated by the office of children and family services;
• Child care or foster care workers;
• Mental health professionals;
• Substance abuse counselors;
• Alcoholism counselors;
• All persons credentialed by the office of alcoholism and substance abuse services;
• Employees, who are expected to have regular and substantial contact with children, of a health home or health home care management agency contracting with a health home;
• Peace officers;
• Police officers;
• District attorneys or assistant district attorneys;
• Investigators employed in the office of the district attorney; and
• Any other law enforcement official.
• In addition to those persons and officials required to report suspected child abuse or maltreatment, any person may make such a report if such person has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is an abused or maltreated child.

• Initial reports must be made immediately by telephone or facsimile using a form supplied by the Office of Children and Family Services (available at: http://ocfs.ny.gov/main/cps/) (1-800-342-3720). A written report must follow the initial oral report within 48 hours.

N.Y. Soc. Serv. Law §§ 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 418, 419, 420, 424; N.Y. Family Court Act § 1012.

• Any person or institution.

• Reports may be made orally, by telephone, or in writing. If the report is made orally or by telephone, the reporter must give his or her name, address, and telephone number, although refusal of reporter to give a name shall not preclude the department’s assessment of the alleged abuse, neglect, dependency, or death as a result of maltreatment.

• N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 7B-101, 7B-301, 7B-302, 7B-309, 7B-310, 90-21.20.

• Dentist;
• Optometrist;
• Dental hygienist;
• Medical examiner or coroner;
• Tier 1 mental health professional (as defined below);
• Tier 2 mental health professional (as defined below);
• Tier 3 mental health professional (as defined below);
• Tier 4 mental health professional (as defined below);
• Any other medical or mental health professional;
• Religious practitioner of the healing arts;
• Schoolteacher;
• School administrator;
• School counselor;
• Child care worker;
• Foster parent;
• Police or law enforcement officer;
• Juvenile court personnel;
• Probation officer;
• Division of juvenile services employee;
• Licensed social worker;
• Family service specialist;
• Child care licensor;
• Member of the clergy (except if knowledge or suspicion is derived from information received in capacity of a spiritual advisor);
• A chiropractor having knowledge of or reasonable cause to suspect that there is child abuse or neglect is mandated to report the circumstances to the department of human services if the knowledge or suspicion is derived from information received by the chiropractor in the chiropractor’s professional capacity.

Any person having reasonable cause to suspect a child is abused or neglected, or has died as a result of abuse or neglect, may report such circumstances.

• Must be reported immediately. Reports may be oral or written, though oral reports must be followed by written reports within 48 hours if so requested by the Department of Human Services or the Human Service Zone, and such requested written reports must include information specifically sought by the Department of Human Services or the Human Service Zone if the reporter possesses or has reasonable access to such information. A written report form is accessible at: http://www.nd.gov/eforms/Doc/sfn00960.pdf
• The chief administrator of an entity employing more than 25 individuals who are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect may designate an agent within the entity to file reports of suspected child abuse or neglect on behalf of the staff members and volunteers of the entity. A report filed by the designated agent must include the first and last name, title, and contact information for every staff member or volunteer of the entity who is believed to have direct knowledge of the facts surrounding the report. A single report from the designated agent is adequate to meet the reporting requirement on behalf of staff members and volunteers of the entity listed with the required information.

• N.D. Cent. Code §§ 25-01-01, 27-20.2-01, 50-25.1-02, 50-25.1-03, 50-25.1-03.1, 50-25.1-04, 50-25.1-09, 50-25.1-09.1, 50-25.1-13, 50.25.1-16; N.D. Admin. Code 17-02-03-04.

• Any of the following, if acting in a professional or official capacity:
• attorney;
• health care professional;
• practitioner of a limited branch of medicine;
• registered nurse;
• licensed psychologist/school psychologist;
• independent marriage and family therapist or marriage and family therapist;
• coroner;
• administrator or employee of a child day-care center;
• administrator or employee of a residential camp, child day camp or private, nonprofit therapeutic wilderness camp;
• administrator or employee of a certified child care agency or other public or private children services agency;
• school teacher;
• school employee;
• school authority;
• peace officer
• humane society agent;
• dog warden, deputy dog warden, or other person appointed to act as an animal control officer for a municipal corporate or township in accordance with state law, an ordinance, or a resolution;
• person, other than a cleric, rendering spiritual treatment through prayer in accordance with the tenets of a well-recognized religion;
• employee of a county department of job and family services who is a professional and who works with children and families;
• superintendent or regional administrator employed by the department of youth services;
• employee of an entity that provides home visiting services under the Help Me Grow program;
• superintendent, board member, or employee of a county board of developmental disabilities;
• investigative agent contracted with by a county board of developmental disabilities;
• employee of the department of developmental disabilities;
• investigative agent contracted with by a county board of developmental disabilities;
• employee of the department of developmental disabilities;
• employee of a facility or home that provides respite care;
• employee of a home health agency;
• employee of an entity that provides homemaker services;
• a host family;
• foster caregiver;
• a person performing the duties of an assessor;
• any third party employed by a public children services agency to assist in providing child or family related services;
• court appointed special advocate; or
• guardian ad litem.
• Any other person may report on a voluntary basis.

Report must be made immediately by telephone, in person, or electronically and must be followed by a written report if requested by the receiving agency or officer.

• Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§ 2151.011, 2151.03, 2151.031, 2151.421, 5120.173, 2151.99, 2907.01, 5103.02.

• Any person.

• Reports must be made immediately to the Department of Human Services.

• 10A Okla. Stat. Ann. §§ 1-1-105, 1-2-101, 1-2-104, 10 Okl. Stat. Ann. § 40.2

• Any “public or private official,” which means:
• Physician or physician assistant licensed under ORS chapter 677 or naturopathic physician, including any intern or resident;
• Dentist;
• School employee (including an employee of a higher education institution);
• Licensed practical nurse or registered nurse;
• Nurse practitioner;
• Nurse’s aide;
• Home health aide or employee of an in-home health service;
• Employee of the Department of Human Services, Oregon Health Authority, Early Learning Division, Youth Development Division, Office of Child Care, the Oregon Youth Authority, a local health department, a community mental health program, a community developmental disabilities program, a county juvenile department, a child-caring agency or an alcohol and drug treatment program;
• Peace officer;
• Psychologist;
• Member of the clergy;
• Regulated social worker;
• Optometrist;
• Chiropractor;
• Certified provider of foster care (or an employee thereof);
• Attorney;
• Licensed professional counselor;
• Licensed marriage and family therapist;
• Firefighter or emergency medical technician;
• Court-appointed special advocate;
• Registered or certified child care provider;
• Elected official of a branch of government of Oregon or a state agency, board, commission or department of a branch of government of this state or of a city, county or other political subdivision of Oregon;
• Physical, speech or occupational therapist;
• Audiologist;
• Speech-language pathologist;
• Employee of the Teacher Standards and Practices Commission directly involved in investigations or discipline by the commission;
• Pharmacist;
• Operator of a preschool recorded program;
• Operator of a school-age recorded program;
• Employee of a private agency or organization facilitating the provision of respite services for parents pursuant to a properly executed power of attorney;
• Coach, assistant coach or trainer of an amateur, semiprofessional or professional athlete, if compensated and if the athlete is a child;
• Personal support worker;
• Home care worker;
• Animal control officer;
• Member of a school district board, an education service board or a public charter school governing body;
• Individual who is paid by a public body to provide a service identified in an individualized written service plan of a child with a developmental disability;
• Referral agent;
• Parole and probation officer;
• Licensed behavior analyst, assistant behavior analyst or behavior analysis interventionist; and
• Employee of a public or private organization providing child-related services or activities, which include, but are not limited to, youth groups or centers, scout groups or camps, summer or day camps, survival camps or groups, centers or camps operated under the guidance, supervision or auspices of a religious, public or private educational system or a community service organization.
• Specifically excluded are employees of a qualified victim services program (as defined below) that provides confidential, direct services to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking or human trafficking.
• “Qualified victim services program” means (A) a nongovernmental, nonprofit, community-based program receiving moneys administered by the state Department of Human Services or the Oregon or United States Department of Justice, or a program administered by a tribal government, that offers safety planning, counseling, support or advocacy services to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking; or (B) a sexual assault center, victim advocacy office, women’s center, student affairs center, health center or other program providing safety planning, counseling, support or advocacy services to victims that is on the campus of or affiliated with a two-year or four-year post-secondary institution that enrolls one or more students who receive an Oregon Opportunity Grant.
• Certain exceptions to the obligation of mandatory reporters to report are set forth under “Anything else I should know?” below.

• Reports must be made immediately. Voluntary reports should be made orally to the Department of Human Services by telephone to the child abuse reporting hotline. Required reports should be made to the Department of Human Services through the centralized child abuse reporting system established by the department or to a law enforcement agency within the county where the person making the reports is located.

Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 147.600, 418.205, 418.950, 419B.005, 419B.010, 419B.015, 419B.025.

The following adults:

• A person licensed or certified to practice in any health-related field under the jurisdiction of the Department of State;
• A medical examiner, coroner or funeral director;
• An employee of a health care facility or provider licensed by the Department of Health, who is engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of individuals;
• A school employee;
• An employee of a child-care service who has direct contact with children in the course of employment;
• A clergyman, priest, rabbi, minister, Christian Science practitioner, religious healer or spiritual leader of any regularly established church or other religious organization;
• An individual paid or unpaid, who, on the basis of the individual’s role as an integral part of a regularly scheduled program, activity or service, is a person responsible for the child’s welfare or has direct contact with children;
• An employee of a social services agency who has direct contact with children in the course of employment;
• A peace officer or law enforcement official;
• An emergency medical services provider certified by the Department of Health;
• An employee of a public library who has direct contact with children in the course of employment;
• An individual supervised or managed by a person listed above who has direct contact with children in the course of employment;
• An independent contractor;
• An attorney affiliated with an agency, institution, organization or other entity, including a school or regularly established religious organization that is responsible for the care, supervision, guidance or control of children;
• A foster parent; and
• An adult family member who is a person responsible for the child’s welfare and provides services to a child in a family living home, community home for individuals with an intellectual disability or host home for children which are subject to supervision or licensure by the department under Articles IX and X of the act of June 13, 1967 (P.L. 31, No. 21), known as the Public Welfare Code.

• Reports must be made immediately by telephone or written report using electronic technologies. If the initial report is oral, it must be followed by a written report (which can be made electronically) within 48 hours of the oral report.

23 Pa. C.S.A. §§ 6303, 6304, 6305, 6311, 6311.1, 6312, 6313, 6314, 6317, 6318, 6319, 6386.

All persons shall be required to immediately report cases of actual or suspected child abuse, institutional abuse, neglect, and/or institutional neglect, or if a child is at risk of being a victim thereof.

• Reports must be made immediately.
• Mandatory reporters shall subsequently fill out a form provided by the Department, which shall be sent to the central registry, within 48 hours of having notified or referred the situation.

8 L.P.R.A. §§ 444, 446, 450a, 1101, 1131, 1132, 1135-1137

• Any person.

• Any person who has reasonable cause to know or suspect that any child has been abused or neglected or has been a victim of sexual abuse by another child, shall, within 24 hours, transfer that information to the Department of Children, Youth and Families, or its agent.
• Any person who has reasonable cause to know or suspect that any child has been the victim of sexual abuse by an employee, agent, contractor, or volunteer of an educational program shall, within 24 hours, transfer that information to the Department of Children, Youth and Families, or its agent; provided, however, that if the person mandated to report is an employee, agent, contractor, or volunteer of an educational program, they shall immediately notify the principal, headmaster, executive director, or other person in charge of the educational program, or his or her designated agent.
• Reports of abuse or neglect resulting in death must be made immediately.
• Oral reports required to be made by a physician, registered nurse practitioner or health care provider, as described above, must be made immediately and followed by a report in writing to the department and law enforcement agency explaining the extent and nature of the abuse or neglect the child is alleged to have suffered.

R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 40-11-2, 40-11-3, 40-11-3.1, 40-11-3.2, 40-11-3.3, 40-11-4, 40-11-6, 40-11-6.1.

• The following when information is received while acting in their professional capacity:
• Physician;
• Nurse;
• Dentist;
• Optometrist;
• Medical examiner;
• Coroner;
• Employee of a county medical examiner’s or coroner’s office;
• Any other medical, emergency medical services, mental health, or allied health professional;
• Member of the clergy (including a Christian Science Practitioner or religious healer);
• clerical or nonclerical religious counselor who charges for services,
• School teacher;
• Counselor;
• Principal;
• Assistant principal;
• School attendance officer;
• Social or public assistance worker;
• Substance abuse treatment staff;
• Childcare worker in a childcare center or foster care facility;
• Foster parent;
• Police or law enforcement officer;
• Juvenile justice worker;
• Undertaker;
• Funeral home director or employee of a funeral home;
• Persons responsible for processing films;
• Computer technician;
• Judge; and
• Volunteer non-attorney guardian ad litem serving on behalf of the South Carolina Guardian Ad Litem Program or on behalf of Richland County CASA.
• Any other person who has reason to believe that a child’s physical or mental health or welfare has been or may be adversely affected by abuse or neglect may, and is encouraged to, report.

• Timing is not specified in statute.
• Reports may be made orally by telephone or otherwise to the county department of social services or to a law enforcement agency in the county where the child resides or is found.

• S.C. Code Ann. §§ 63-7-20, 63-7-310, 63-7-360, 63-7-390, 63-7-410.

• Any physician;
• Dentist;
• Doctor of osteopathy;
• Chiropractor;
• Optometrist;
• Emergency medical technician;
• Paramedic;
• Mental health professional or counselor;
• Podiatrist;
• Psychologist;
• Religious healing practitioner;
• Social worker;
• Hospital intern or resident;
• Parole or court services officer;
• Law enforcement officer;
• Teacher;
• School counselor;
• School official;
• Nurse;
• Licensed or registered child welfare provider;
• Employee or volunteer of a domestic abuse shelter;
• Employee or volunteer of a child advocacy organization or child welfare service provider;
• Chemical dependency counselor;
• Coroner;
• Dental hygienist; and
• Any “safety sensitive position” (which means any law enforcement officer authorized to carry firearms and any custody staff employed by any agency responsible for the rehabilitation or treatment of any adjudicated adult or juvenile).

• Reports must be made immediately. Reports must be made orally by telephone or otherwise. 

S.D.C.L. §§ 3-6C-1, 22-6-2, 22-22-24.3, 26-8A-2, 26-8A-3, 26-8A-4, 26-8A-5, 26-8A-6, 26-8A-7, 26-8A-8, 26-8A-10, 26-8A-10.1, 26-8A-10.2, 26-8A-14., 26-8A-15, 26-8A-16, 26-8A-35, 26-8A-36, 26-8A-37

• Note: Tennessee’s mandatory reporting law imposes different reporting requirements depending on the type of abuse. Accordingly, the information presented distinguishes between reporting requirements for crimes of “abuse” and crimes of “sexual abuse” (as respectively defined).
• Abuse:
• Any person who has knowledge of or is called upon to render aid to any child who is suffering from, or has sustained, any wound, injury, disability or physical or mental condition.
• Sexual Abuse: Any person, including, but not limited to, any:
• Physician, osteopathic physician, medical examiner, chiropractor, nurse or hospital personnel engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons;
• Any other health or mental health professional;
• Practitioner who relies solely on spiritual means for healing;
• School teacher or other school official or personnel;
• Judge of any court of the state;
• Social worker, day care center worker, or other professional child care, foster care, residential or institutional worker;
• Law enforcement officer;
• Authority figure at a community facility, including any facility used for recreation or social assemblies for educational, religious, social, health or welfare purposes, including, but not limited to, facilities operated by schools, the boy or girl scouts, the YMCA or YWCA, the boys and girls club or church or religious organizations; or
• Neighbor, relative, friend or any other person.

• Reports must be made immediately. Reports may be made via telephone or otherwise, on the Department of Children’s Services Central Intake Division hotline at 1-877-237-0004 (1-877-54ABUSE) or online (at: https://carat.app.tn.gov/carat/referral/emergency.html).

T.C.A. §§ 37-1-401, 37-1-403, 37-1-409, 37-1-410, 37-1-412, 37-1-413, 37-1-602, 37-1-605, 37-1-614,  37-1-615, 39-13-309, 40-35-111, 49-6-1601.

• Any person or “Professional” (as defined below).

• Reports must be made immediately.
• Professionals with reasonable cause to believe that a child has been abused or neglected or may be abused or neglected, or that a child is a victim of an offense under Section 21.11, Penal Code (indecency with a child), and the professional has cause to believe that the child has been abused, must report the suspected abuse no later than 24 hours after the professional first has reasonable cause to believe that the child has been abused or neglected.

• Tex. Fam. Code §§  33.008, 33.0085, 101.003, 261.001, 261.101, 261.102, 261.103, 261.104, 261.106, 261.107, 261.109, 261.110; 261.111, 264.513; Tex. Health and Safety Code § 248A.001, 260A.001, 260A.002; Tex. Penal Code §§ 12.21.

• Any person.

• Telephone report to be made immediately;  A person who reports orally shall provide a written report, within 48 hours if requested by the Division of Child and Family Services.

UT ST §§ 53E-6-102, 53E-6-701, 63G-7-201, 80-1-102, 80-2-102, 80-2-602 through 610, 76-3-204, 76-3-301, 76-5-701

A mandated reporter, which is any:

• health care provider, including any:
• Physician, surgeon, osteopath, chiropractor or physician’s assistant licensed, certified or registered under Vermont state law;
• Resident physician;
• Intern;
• Hospital administrator in any hospital in Vermont;
• Registered nurse or licensed practical nurse;
• Medical examiner;
• Emergency medical personnel;
• Dentist;
• Psychologist; and
• Pharmacist;
• Any individual who is employed by a school district or an approved or recognized independent school, or who is contracted and paid by a school district or an approved or recognized independent school to provide student services, including any:
• School superintendent;
• Headmaster of an approved or recognized independent school;
• School teacher;
• Student teacher;
• School librarian;
• School principal; and
• School guidance counselor;
• Child care worker;
• Mental health professional;
• Social worker;
• Probation officer;
• Police officer;
• Any employee, contractor or grantee of the Agency of Human Services who has contact with clients;
• Any employee of the state Office of the Child, Youth, and Family Advocate;
• Camp owner, camp administrator or camp counselor (“camp” includes any residential or nonresidential recreational program); and
• Member of the clergy (i.e., a priest, rabbi, clergy member, ordained or licensed minister, leader of any church or religious body, accredited Christian Science practitioner, or person performing official duties on behalf of a church or religious body that are recognized as the duties of a priest, rabbi, clergy, nun, brother, ordained or licensed minister, leader of any church or religious body, or accredited Christian Science practitioner), subject to certain carveouts specified under When is a report required?
• Any other concerned person who has reasonable cause to believe that any child has been abused or neglected may report or cause a report to be made.

• Reports to be made within 24 hours of the time information regarding the suspected abuse or neglect was first received or observed. Report may be made orally or in writing. If the report is made orally, a follow-up written report will be requested, unless the reporter is anonymous.

33 V.S.A. §§ 4912-4914

• Physician;
• Hospital personnel engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons;
• Nurse;
• Dentist;
• Any other medical professional;
• Any behavioral health professional;
• School teacher or other school personnel;
• Social service worker;
• Day-care worker or other child-care or foster-care worker; or
• Any peace officer or law enforcement official.

• Reports shall be made immediately by telephone or otherwise (see reporting requirements above). If requested, an oral report shall be followed by a written report within 48 hours.
• Whenever any person is required to report in his capacity as a member of the staff of a medical or other public or private institution, school, facility or agency, he shall immediately notify the person in charge of such institution, school facility or agency, or his designated agent, who shall then also become responsible to report or cause reports to be made. Only one report is required from any such institution, school or agency; but individuals may report on their own behalf.

5 V.I.C. §§ 2502, 2533 through 2539; 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 1591, 2242, 2251

• Any person licensed to practice medicine or any of the healing arts;
• Any hospital resident or intern, and any person employed in the nursing profession;
• Any person employed as a social worker or family-services specialist;
• Any probation officer;
• Any teacher or other person employed in a public or private school, kindergarten or child day program;
• Any person providing full-time or part-time child care for pay on a regularly planned basis;
• Any mental health professional;
• Any law-enforcement officer or animal control officer;
• Any mediator eligible to receive court referrals;
• Any professional staff person, not previously enumerated, employed by a private or state-operated hospital, institution or facility to which children have been committed or where children have been placed for care and treatment;
• Any person 18 years of age or older associated with or employed by any public or private organization responsible for the care, custody or control of children;
• Any person who is designated a court-appointed special advocate;
• Any person 18 years of age or older who has received training approved by the Department of Social Services for the purposes of recognizing and reporting child abuse and neglect;
• Any person employed by a local department of social services of any county or city in the Commonwealth of Virginia who determines eligibility for public assistance;
• Any emergency medical services provider certified by the Board of Health, unless such provider immediately reports the matter directly to the attending physician at the hospital to which the child is transported, who shall make such report forthwith;
• Any athletic coach, director or other person 18 years of age or older employed by or volunteering with a private sports organization or team;
• Administrators or employees 18 years of age or older of public or private day camps, youth centers and youth recreation programs;
• Any person employed by a public or private institution of higher education other than an attorney who is employed by a public or private institution of higher education as it relates to information gained in the course of providing legal representation to a client; and
• Any minister, priest, rabbi, imam, or duly accredited practitioner of any religious organization or denomination usually referred to as a church, unless the information supporting the suspicion of child abuse or neglect (i) is required by the doctrine of the religious organization or denomination to be kept in a confidential manner or (ii) was communicated to him in a confidential manner, properly entrusted to him in his professional capacity and necessary to enable him to discharge the functions of his office according to the usual course of his practice or discipline, wherein such person so communicating such information about himself or another is seeking spiritual counsel and advice relative to and growing out of the information so imparted.
• Any person who engages in the practice of behavior analysis, defined as the design, implementation, and evaluation of environmental modifications, using behavioral stimuli and consequences, to produce socially significant improvement in human behavior, including the use of direct observation, measurement, and functional analysis of the relationship between environment and behavior.
• Volunteer and professional Boy Scout leaders (Op. Atty. Gen., Opinion No. 02-053, June 27, 2002).
• Advocates in domestic violence shelters and sexual assault crisis centers generally are not statutorily mandated to report child abuse and neglect, but he or she would be required to report suspected child abuse or neglect to the extent that the advocate performs activities that would place the advocate under any of the above categories (Op. Atty. Gen., Opinion No. 09-097, Jan. 5, 2010).

• Reports must be made immediately.
• The initial report may be oral, but such report shall be reduced to writing by the child abuse coordinator of the local department on a form prescribed.

• Va. Code Ann. §§ 8.01-400.2, 63.2-100, 63.2-1508 through 1513, 1519; Op. Atty. Gen., Opinion No. 09-097 (Jan. 5, 2010); Op. Atty.Gen., Opinion No. 02-148 (Feb. 11, 2003); Op. Atty. Gen., Opinion No. 02-053 (June 27, 2002); Forest Hills Early Learning Ctr., Inc. v. Grace Baptist Church, 846 F.2d 260 (4th Cir. 1988); Wolf v. Fauquier Cty. Bd. of Supervisors, 555 F.3d 311 (4th Cir. 2009).

• Any practitioner;
• County coroner or medical examiner;
• Law enforcement officer;
• Professional school personnel;
• Registered or licensed nurse;
• Social service counselor;
• Psychologist;
• Pharmacist;
• Employee of the Department Of Children, Youth, and Families;
• Licensed or certified child care providers and their employees;
• Employee of the Department of Social and Health Services;
• Juvenile probation officer;
• Placement and liaison specialist;
• Responsible living skills program staff;
• HOPE center staff;
• State family and children’s ombuds or any volunteer in the ombuds’ office or
• Host home program;
• Any person, in his or her official supervisory capacity with a nonprofit or for-profit organization, who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has suffered abuse or neglect caused by a person over whom he or she regularly exercises supervisory authority, provided that the person alleged to have caused the abuse or neglect is employed by, contracted by, or volunteers with the organization and coaches, trains, educates, or counsels a child or children or regularly has unsupervised access to a child or children as part of the employment, contract, or voluntary service. (Note: No one shall be required to report under this section when he or she obtains the information solely as a result of a privileged communication);
• Department of corrections personnel who, in the course of their employment, observe offenders or the children with whom the offenders are in contact;
• Any adult who has reasonable cause to believe that a child who resides with them has suffered severe abuse, and is able or capable of making a report;
• Guardians ad litem, including court-appointed special advocates, who in the course of their representation of children in these actions have reasonable cause to believe a child has been abused or neglected; and

• Administrative and academic or athletic department employees, including attorneys employed by the institution, employees working under the supervision or direction of an attorney, and student employees, of institutions of higher education and of private institutions of higher education.
• Mandatory reporting statute was not intended to apply to volunteer counselors who are not professional social service counselors and not acting in their regular course of employment. Doe v. Corp. of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 167 P.3d 1193, 1203 (Wash. App. 2007).

• Oral report must be made immediately by telephone or otherwise, at the first opportunity, but in no case longer than 48 hours after there is reasonable cause to believe that the child has suffered abuse or neglect. The report must include the identity of the accused, if known.
• Upon request, the oral report must be followed by a written report.
• The reporting requirement does not apply to the discovery of abuse or neglect that occurred during childhood if it is discovered after the child has become an adult. However, if there is reasonable cause to believe other children are or may be at risk of abuse or neglect by the accused, the reporting requirement does apply.
• All employees of institutions of higher education, not considered academic or athletic department employees, who have reasonable cause to believe a child has suffered abuse or neglect, must report such abuse or neglect immediately to the appropriate administrator or supervisor, as designated by the institution. The administrator or supervisor to whom the report was made, if not already a mandatory reporter under RCW 26.44.030, must report the abuse or neglect within forty-eight hours to a mandatory reporter designated by the institution for this purpose.

Wash. Rev. Code §§ 5.60.060, 9A.20.021, 26.44.020, 26.44.030, 26.44.040, 26.44.050, 26.44.060, 26.44.080, 28B.10.846, R.M. v. King Cnty., No. 87143-9-I, 2025 WL 2104704 (Wash. Ct. App. July 28, 2025).

• Abuse or neglect, including sexual abuse or sexual assault must be reported by any of the following persons, if over the age of 18:
• Any medical, dental or mental health professional;
• Christian Science practitioner or religious healer;
• School teacher or other school personnel;
• Social service worker;
• Child care or foster care worker;
• Emergency medical services personnel;
• Peace officer or law-enforcement official or humane officer;
• Member of the clergy;
• Circuit court judge, family court judge, employee of the Division of Juvenile Services, or magistrate;
• Youth camp administrator or counselor;
• Employee, coach or volunteer of an entity that provides organized children’s activities; and
• Commercial film or photographic print processor.

• Reports of child abuse or neglect, including sexual abuse or sexual assault, must be made immediately, and not more than 24 hours after suspecting abuse or neglect, by phone and followed up within 48 hours by a written report if requested.

W. Va. Code §§ 7-10-2, 49-1-201; 49-1-202; 49-2-803; 49-2-807; 49-2-809, 49-2-810, 49-2-811,49-2-812; 61-8b-1; 61-8b-3 -5; 61-8b-7 -9; 61-6-25; W. Va. R. of Prac. and Proc. for Family Court 48.

• Any of the following persons in the course of professional duties:
• Physician, naturopathic doctor, coroner, medical examiner, nurse, dentist, chiropractor, optometrist, acupuncturist, or other medical or mental health professional
• Social worker, marriage and family therapist, professional counselor, alcohol or other drug abuse counselor
• Genetic counselor
• Public assistance worker, including a financial and employment planner
• School teacher, school administrator, school counselor, any other school employee
• Mediator under s. 767.405
• Child-care worker in a child care center, group home, or residential care center for children and youth or child care provider
• Member of the treatment staff employed by or working under contract with a county department or a residential treatment care center for children/youth
• Physical therapist, physical therapist assistant
• Occupational therapist
• Dietitian
• Speech-language pathologist
• Audiologist
• Emergency medical services practitioner
• Emergency medical responder, as defined in s. 256.01(4p)
• Police or law enforcement officer
• Juvenile correctional officer
• Court appointed special advocate
• Members of Clergy: a member of the clergy shall report if the member of the clergy has reasonable cause to suspect that a child seen by the member of the clergy in the course of his or her professional duties has been abused, has been threatened with abuse and the abuse of the child will likely occur.  Additionally, a member of the clergy shall report if the member has reasonable cause, based on observations made or information that he or she receives, to suspect that a member of the clergy has abused a child or threatened a child with abuse and abuse of the child will likely occur.
• Exception for Members of Clergy: A member of the clergy is not required to report child abuse information that he or she receives solely through confidential communications made to him or her privately or in a confessional setting if he or she is authorized to hear or is accustomed to hearing such communications and, under the disciplines, tenets, or traditions of his or her religion, has a duty or is expected to keep those communications secret. Those disciplines, tenets, or traditions need not be in writing.
• All University of Wisconsin System (UWS) professors, administrators, coaches, and other UWS employees in the course of employment (see Governor’s Executive Order #54 (2011))
• Exception to reporting requirement: health care services: The following persons are not required to report suspected or threatened abuse, sexual intercourse or sexual contact involving a child: (1) A health care provider who provides any health care service to a child, and (2) person who obtains information about a child who is receiving or has received health care services from a health care provider, unless such person in (1) or (2) either (a) has any reasonable doubt as to the voluntariness of the child’s participation in the sexual contact or sexual intercourse, or (b) has reason to suspect:
• That the sexual intercourse or sexual contact occurred or is likely to occur with a caregiver;
• That the child suffered or suffers from a mental illness or mental deficiency that rendered or renders the child temporarily or permanently incapable of understanding or evaluating the consequences of his or her actions;
• That the child, because of his or her age or immaturity, was or is incapable of understanding the nature or consequences of sexual intercourse or sexual contact;
• That the child was unconscious at the time of the act or for any other reason was physically unable to communicate unwillingness to engage in sexual intercourse or sexual contact; or
• That another participant in the sexual contact or sexual intercourse was or is exploiting the child.

“Health care provider” means a physician, a naturopathic doctor, a physician assistant, or a nurse holding a license

• Exception to reporting requirement: person delegated parental powers: A person delegated care and custody of a child is not required to report any suspected or threatened abuse or neglect of the child. Such a person who has reason to suspect that the child has been abused or neglected or who has reason to believe that the child has been threatened with abuse or neglect and that abuse or neglect of the child will occur may report.

• Reports must be made immediately by telephone or in person.
• Note: Expending reasonable amount of time to verify child’s allegation of sexual misconduct is consistent with the requirement that allegations of abuse or neglect be reported immediately to proper authorities by teacher, administrator or counselor to whom such allegations are made.  Phillips v. Behnke (App. 1995) 531 N.W.2d 619. 

• Wis. Stat. Ann. §§ 48.981, 48.02(2), 905.06; Governor’s Executive Order #54 (2011), Phillips v. Behnke (App. 1995) 531 N.W.2d 619.

• Any person.

• Report must be made immediately either orally or in writing.

• Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§ 14-3-202, 205–207, 209; WY Rules and Regulations 049.0029.3 § 3